にほんご　131 L. 3 まいにち　の　せいかつ

lit., Everyday Lifestyle = "Daily Routines"

Lots of New Verbs in L. 3 -- see pp. 88-89

おきます　get up

ねます　sleep - we can use with Times,

なんじに　おきますか - What time do you get up?　

なんじに　ねますか - What time do you go to sleep?

 

1. Transitive (or Action) verbs that take を, e.g.　like たべます (Eat),

 

あさごはん　を　たべます - I eat breakfast　　

ひるごはん　を　たべます - I eat lunch　

 

Or Drink (のみます), Read (よみます),

See/Watch (みます), Listen (ききます)

 

We mark WHERE we do these things, where we DO the action of a Transitive (を) Verb, with

で = AT or In

Place で　(うち　で)　ばんごはん　を　たべます

Goudy で ばんごはん　を　たべます

 

します = DO = is always a Transitive Verb, Takes を

べんきょう (を)　します study (Place で)　

としょかん　で　べんきょうします

 

しゅくだい (を)　します　Do homework (Place で)

Also,

よみます　Read ほん を　よみます

のみます　drink Koohii (コーヒーCoffee) を のみます

TV (テレビ)　を　みます　＝　Watch TV

えいが　を　みます =Watch/See a Movie

 

Note the Pattern:

Transitive verbs use を to mark the (Direct) Object of the Action--the Thing that is being acted upon--and

で to mark the Place, the Location, where the action occurs.

So, if you drink Coffee at the Bistro it is:

Bistro で Koohii (コーヒー Coffee) を のみます

Read a book at the Library =

としょかん　で　ほん　を　よみます　

テレビ／TV　を　みます Where? At/In the Dorm

りょう で　TV　を　みます

I will watch TV in the dorm (りょう)

Goudy で ひるごはん（Lunch）を　たべます

I will eat lunch at Goudy Or,

へや　で たべます = I'll eat in my room

 

So, we have TWO Sentence Types so far:

1. The です Pattern we learned in Ch. 2 and

2. Transitive Verb or を Patterns.

 

Two other types of Verbs =

3. We have or Verbs of Location or Existence;

I have a class = じゅぎょう　が　あります

I have a pen = ペン　が　あります

Something が Some Location に　あります／います =

Note that these verbs make use of the particles が and に.

So, BIG POINT: the TYPE of VERB has something to do with which grammar markers or particles we use.

--We know that with です we are likely to find a は

たなかさん　は　がくせい　です

--With Transitive Verbs we'll see を and で

StaBa で　コーヒー を　のみます

--And with あります we will find が used to mark the SUBJECT, the THING we are talking about

ほん　が　 あります = There is or I have a Book

Usually we use に to indicate WHERE the Thing, the Object, is Located (See L. 4, Note IV p. 151)

But for an Event that people attend, we do use で to mark the place -- even though あります is not an Action verb or a Transitive verb; it is a "weaker" verb more about something EXISTING in some location.

 

And one more important type of verb:

 

4. Motion Verbs:

Place へ or に (Goal, Destination) + Motion Verb

いきます／きます／かえります

We mark the destination of our movement with a particle, in this case へ or に.

So, particle use in Japanese is determined by the type of Verb or the type of sentence we are using--and there are basically these 4 Sentence Types:

1. です (は) sentences = roughly "IS"

2. Transitive Verb Action (を, で) sentences = Actions: Eat, Drink, See, Do, Read, etc.

WHAT we eat, drink, watch, read, do, etc. will be marked by を.

WHERE we do these actions is marked by で.

3. The Verb to "Have" or also Existence/Location Verbs with が or に sentences = "There is" or something "In/At" some location;

But we do use で when it is an Event that people attend.

としょかん で　えいが が　あります

There IS (or they are showing) a Film AT the Library　

 

Fourth Sentence Pattern:

4. Motion verb sentences（へ、に）=

Go, come, return "To" some place.

I go to school = がっこう　へ　いきます　

I return home = うち に　かえります

That's It, Folks! Easy, peasey!

 

We also have in L. 3...

--Times of Day:

あさ = morning ---> あさ　ごはん = breakfast

ひる = afternoon ---> ひる　ごはん = lunch　

ばん = evening　---> ばん　ごはん = dinner

 

--Relative Time Expressions: (p. 90)

Besides the word for "Today" (きょう) we also have

あした　Tomorrow

あさって　Day After Tomorrow

Question Word = いつ = When

 

See Activity 3 p. 90

And we can practice making the Past in Activity 4

きのう　+ past tense (V-ました) Yesterday

おととい + past tense (V-ました) Day Before Yesterday

 

しゅうまつ = the Weekend

 

All the 「まい」Words

The Prefix まい = Every--->　＋　にち

まい　にち = Everyday　

まい＋あさ = Every Morning　

まい＋ばん= Every Evening　

まい＋しゅう = Every Week　

All of these "Relative Time Expressions" do NOT take the particle に that we have with specific or Absolute time expressions like a specific Time of Day, e.g.,

8:00 に　おきます I get up at 8:00 Or

On a specified day

げつようび　に = On Monday(s)...

 

Do Verbs have a Past From? Sure!

We add 「た」　to the Verb-ます form　＝　ました

When we use words like L:ast Week, Yesterday, etc. obviously we have to put the verb into the Past:

 

せんしゅう(Last Week) + past tense (V-ました)　

せんしゅう　レストランで　たべました

Last Week I ate at a Resturant

 

せんしゅう　いきました = I went last week

 

せんしゅう　えいがを　みました (saw, watched)

せんしゅう　ほんを　よみました　(read)

せんしゅう　としょかんで　ほん を　よみました

Last week　I read a book AT (で) the Library.

 

きのう　ひるごはんを　たべました　(ate)

どこ で　たべましたか. Where did you eat?

で = marks place where the Action of a Transitive verb takes place:

きのう　かねこ で　ひるごはんを　たべました。

Yesterday I ate lunch AT Kaneko.

きょう　としょかん　で　ざっしを　よみました。

Today, I read a magazine AT the Library.

 

DAYS OF THE WEEK--all the days of the week end in -yoobi (ようび)

１、げつ　＋ ようび　Moon/Mon　月

２、か　＋ ようび Fire/Tues　火

３、すい　＋ ようび Water/Wednes　水

４、もく　＋ ようび Tree/Wood Thurs　木

５、きん　＋ ようび Metal/Fri　金 ＊＊

６、ど　＋ ようび Earth/Satur　土

７、にち　＋ ようび Sun/Sun 　日

＊＊The kanji for Kin is also pronounced かね and Kaneko (金子) is a family name; your "Kaneko Hall" is named after Kaneko Taizô who founded TIU.

 

 

To ask "What Day" it is, we use our old friend, the question word なん + ようび

 

Q:　きょう は　なん ようび　ですか

What ようび (Day of the Week) is Today?

A: It's "Monday" = げつ　＋ ようび　です　

Q: あした　は　なんようび　ですか =

What day is tomorrow?　

A: かようび　です。It's Tuesday.

 

See Activity 6 p. 91

 

Numbers (p. 91)

０　ぜろ／ゼロ、れい　

１　いち　

２　に　

３　さん　

４　よん、し　

５　ご　

６　ろく　

７　なな、　しち　

８　はち　

９　きゅう、　く　

１０　じゅう　

１１　じゅういち　

１２　じゅうに　

１３　じゅうさん, etc.

For 20, 30, 40, etc. we put the number in front of Ten じゅう so 2 x Ten =

２０ = に + じゅう　or に じゅう

３０　さんじゅう　

４０　よんじゅう　

５０　ごじゅう　

６０　ろくじゅう　

７０　ななじゅう、しちじゅう　

８０　はちじゅう　

９０　きゅうじゅう　

９９　きゅうじゅうきゅう

 

Activities 7-9

 

Numbers + Minutes ふん／ぷん　

1 いっぷん　

2 にふん　

3 さんぷん　

4 よんふん／よんぷん　

5 ごふん　

6 ろっぷん　

7 しちふん／ななふん　

8 はっぷん／はちふん　

9 きゅうふん　

10 じゅっぷん

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Instructions